ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 18554 Firstedition 2016-03-15 Surface chemical analysis Electron spectroscopies Procedures for identifying, estimating and correcting for unintended degradation by X-rays in a material undergoing analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Analyse chimique des surfaces - Spectroscopie d'électrons Procedures pour I'identification, I'estimation et la correction de la dégradation involontaire par rayons X pendant une analyse de matériau par spectroscopie de photoélectrons par rayons X Reference number IS0 18554:2016(E) ISO International Organization for Standardization @ IS0 2016 STANDARDIZATIONC15956617 without license from IHS IS0 18554:2016(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT IS02016,PublishedinSwitzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 . CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org Intenationaibr Prganization for Standardization icensee-ZHEJIANG INST OF STANDARDIzAoISQs.6 -All rights reserved etworking permitted without license from IHS IS0 18554:2016(E) Contents Page Foreword ..iv Introduction. ..V 1 Scope. ..1 2 Terms and definitions ..1 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..1 4 Sample degradation .2 4.1 Causes of degradation. .2 4.2 Sample degradation .3 4.3 Measurements for identifying, and correcting for, degradation .3 4.3.1 Recognition of degradation 3. 4.3.2 The first survey scan. 3 4.3.3 The detail scans 4 4.3.4 The final survey scan 4 4.3.5 Inverting the order of acquisition for unstable compounds .4 4.3.6 Check for degradation 4 4.3.7 Deduce the undegraded intensity 4 4.4 Assessing the likelihood of degradation. .6 4.4.1 Determining the value of Az .6 4.5 Reporting degradation. 6 4.6 Suggested procedures for minimising degradation 6 4.7 Influenceofcontamination 7 4.7.1 Contamination formation during spectrum acquisition 7 4.7.2 Reporting contamination .7 Annex A (informative) Materials reported to degrade during analysis ..8 Annex B (informative) Examples of degradation Annex C (informative) Compensation for formation of a contamination layer. ..14 Bibliography .16 iii =ZHEJIANG INST OF STANDARDIZATION C1 5956617 vided by IHS under thout license from IHS