GUIDE 71 Secondedition 2014-12-01 Guide for addressing accessibility in standards Guide pour I'integration de I'accessibilite dans les normes Reference number ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) ISO IEC @IS0/IEC2014 IS0/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction ..vi 1 Scope. ..1 2 Terms and definitions ..1 3 Accessibility 3.1 General .3 3.2 Accessibility and standards ..4 4 Accessibility in the standards development process. ..4 4.1 General. .4 4.2 Considerations by standards bodies .4 4.3 Considerations related to the standards development process 4.3.1 Stage 1: Define the standards project and determine the applicability of this Guide. ..5 4.3.2 Stage 2: Ensure the standards development committee is well equipped to implement an accessible process with equitable participation ..6 4.3.3 Stage 3: Develop the content of the standard .6 4.3.4 Stage 4: Issue the draft standard for public review and vote and revise the standard as needed. ..7 4.3.5 Stage 5: Publish the standard .7 5 How to apply the Guide ..7 5.1 Two approaches to addressing accessibility in standards. .7 5.2 Other sources of information .8 5.3 Verifying and validating that accessibility is adequately addressed .9 6 Accessibility goals .10 6.1 General .10 6.1.1 Structure of the goals ..10 6.1.2 Identifying user accessibility needs .10 6.1.3 Applying user accessibility needs to generate requirements and recommendations .11 6.2 The goals 11 6.2.1 Suitabilityforthe widest range of users ..11 6.2.2 Conformitywithuserexpectations .12 6.2.3 Support for individualization.. .13 6.2.4 Approachability .14 6.2.5 Perceivability .15 6.2.6 Understandability .15 6.2.7 Controllability .16 6.2.8 Usability .17 6.2.9 Error tolerance .18 6.2.10 Equitableuse 19 6.2.11 Compatibility with other systems 20 @ IS0/IEC 2014 - All rights reserved ii IS0/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) 7 Human abilities and characteristics 21 7.1 General 21 7.1.1 Description. 21 7.1.2 Diversity of human abilities and characteristics 21 7.2 Sensory abilities and characteristics .21 7.2.1 General. 22 7.2.2 Seeing functions 7.2.3 Hearing functions. 23 7.2.4 Touch functions. 24 7.2.5 Taste functions and smell functions .25 7.3 Immunological system functions .26 7.3.1 Description.. .26 7.3.2 Impairments and limitations .26 7.3.3 Design considerations 26 7.4 Physical abilities and characteristics 26 7.4.1 General. 26 7.4.2 Body size 27 7.4.3 Movement: Functions of upper body structures and fine hand use abilities 28 7.4.4 Movement: Functions of lower body structures 29 7.4.5 Muscle power and muscle endurance .30 7.4.6 Voice and speech. .31 7.5 Cognitive abilities .32 7.5.1 Description.. 32 7.5.2 Impairments and limitations .32 7.5.3 Design considerations .33 8 Strategies for addressing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards .34 8.1 General .34 8.2 Developing standard-specific requirements and recommendations based on user accessibilityneedsanddesignconsiderations 34 8.2.1 Provide multiple means of information presentation and user interaction 34 8.2.2 Set fixed parameters to accommodate the widest range of users 35 8.2.3 Set adjustable parameters to accommodate the widest range of users. .35 8.2.4 Minimize unnecessary complexity. 36 8.2.5 Provide individualized access to a system. 37 8.2.6 Eliminate unnecessary limits or constraints on user interactions with a system 37 8.2.7 Provide compatibility with assistive products and assistive technology 38 8.2.8 Provide alternative versions of a system .38 Annex A (informative) Global trends supporting accessibility .39 Annex B (informative) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a resource for terminology. 41 Annex C (informative) Questions to aid in achieving the accessibility goals .43 Bibliography 47 iv @ IS0/IEC 2014 - All rights reserved