ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 12777-1 Firstedition 1994-12-15 Methods of test for pallet joints Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples Methodesd'essaidesassemblagesdepalettes Partie 1: Determination de la résistance a la flexion des clous et autres éléments de fixation de type cheville, et des clous cavaliers ISO Referencenumber ISO 12777-1:1994(E) IS0 12777-1:1994(E) Foreword Iso (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (isO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through Iso technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with isO, also take part in the work. IsO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International a vote. ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling IS0 12777 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods of test for pallet joints: Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-typefasteners and staples Part 2: Testing of nails and staples for withdrawal and head pull- through resistance Part3:Determinationofbendingstrength ISO 1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organizationfor Standardization Case Postale 56 CH-1211 Geneve 20· Switzerland Printed in Switzerland Coovriaht Intermational Oranizationfor Standardization C ISO ISO 12777-1:1994(E) Introduction In 1988 ISO/TC 51 requested ISO/TC 51WG 2 to develop standard test methods for pallet joints. During the early meetings of WG 2 it became evident that the lack of international Standards on nail testing meant that fasteners (essential elements of pallet joints) could not be characterized sufficiently to enable worthwhile progress on full-joint testing. Although there were existing, or partially developed, nail testing principfes, WG 2 considered that, in a practical situation where for quality control purposes data were required, one, or both, of the two existing commercial nail laboratories and nail manufacturers Preliminary work by WG 2 led the manufacturers of both machines to make design modifications to improve accuracy.In November 1990, WG 2 appointed an ad hoc team of four members to evaluate the ma- chines. The evaluation, carried outwith the cooperation of the manufacturers/agents of each nail test machine, demonstrated that the machines. The good correlation between the ultimate tensile strength of steel and the results of nail bending tests disappears once threads are rolled on to nails. Nail bending resistance is critical to the performance of a nail and, for this reason, the bending resistance of finished nails is the recom- mended method for specifying pallet nails and staples. Users should not automatically specify the highest grade of nail in a pallet design, any more than they would automatically specify the strongest available wood species. In general, it is only to improve the performance of a particular joint that is proving a weak link in a pallet design, or to build in a longer life, etc., that nail upgrading would take place. There are also many instances where a nail with a lower performance would be the best choice, such as in a pailet-mat subassembly constructed with clinched nails. ii Coovriaht International Oraanization for Standardizatior